Nature of oral biopsies; Liaquat university hospital hyperabad

Biopsy is the removal of a tissue sample from a living body with the objective of providing the pathologist with a representative, viable specimen for histopathologic interpretation and diagnosis. Objectives: To find out frequency and nature of oral biopsies reported at liaquat university hospital Hyderabad. Design: Descriptive/Cross sectional. Period: 1st February 2012 to 31st January 2014 Setting: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Material and Methods: A total of 180 patients were reported at OPD and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ward of Liaquat University Hospital for oral incisional, excisional and punch biopsy purpose. Study design was descriptive/cross sectional study. All patients were treated both under general anesthesia as well as local anesthesiaandsedation. All the biopsies were sent to histopathology department for confirmation of diagnosis. Results:119 patients [66.1%] were males and 61 patients [33.8%] were females with age range from 10-80 years. Malignancy was diagnosed in 80 patients [44.4%] while odontogenic cysts were diagnosed as second common category with 38 patients [21.1%]. Conclusions: Squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed as the most common malignant lesion which is rising danger to the society specially as the age advances.

Awareness of diabetic patients regarding their oral hygiene

The study was conducted at Diabetic Clinic ofLiaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from July 2013 to December 2013, with the sample size of 200 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through a self-designed questionnaire through an interview by the investigator. 79.5% patients did not know what type of diabetes they were suffering from 94% of the patients were well aware of the systemic complications of diabetes mellitus whereas 31.5% had no idea that being a diabetic they need to take extra care of their oral hygiene. Around 52% of the patients brushed their teeth once a day and 34% brushed twice a day.69% of the participants did not take any extra measures for maintaining their oral hygiene. Gingivitis was thought to be the most common oral manifestation occurring in the oral cavity of a diabetic patient was the reply of 49.2% of the patients. This study concludes that although diabetic patients seem to have a good knowledge and awareness about systemic complications related to the disease, the accurate awareness about oral hygiene, how to properly maintain it and diabetic related oral manifestations was deficient and there was considerable room for improvement

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis; recurrent, severe enough to close the mouth

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis also referred to as idiopathic gingival hyperplasia, elephantiasis gingivae etc; is a rare hereditary localized or generalized condition, which represents as swelling of gingivae of varied degrees with no apparent cause. Swelling is usually firm, pink and usually no signs of inflammation if oral hygiene is up to fair. Condition may occur solitary or in a syndrome. Recent findings report a defect in the Son of seven less-1 gene on chromose 2p21-p22[HGF1] as a possible cause. This case report presents a severe HGF case, importance of earlier management [as it may unable the patient to close their mouth], possible gravitational role in enlargement of swellings and its proper remedy

Effect of relining methods on dimensional accuracy and stability of conventional complete dentures - a literature review

To review the literature in order to evaluate the effect of relining methods on dimension accuracy and stability of conventional complete denture. Review of literature. The literature search was mainly performed through internet. Abstracts and full text of articles published in journals indexed by index Medicus were searched Pubmed. A Google search was also performed to obtain material available at websites of different dental associations. The comparison was made among original research studies, cross sectional surveys, meta analysis, review articles and guidelines in context to the purpose of study. The laboratory reline method has relatively good dimensional stability and strength, but presents a major drawback i.e patient has to be without denture for a certain period of time, on the other hand chairside reline method seems to be convenient and easy and require short working time. Autopolymerising acrylic resins have the potential of causing chemical or thermal burns of the oral mucosa. Autopolymerising direct chairside relining materials have been used widely in clinical setting. The Direct chairside method is advisable as it presents the least gap at posterior palatal seal area. However chairside relines are technique sensitive and require experience

Comparison between extraoral and intraoral surgical procedures for the treatment of mandibular angle fractures using semirigid fixation or rigid fixation

The purpose of this study was to determine various post operative complications associated with two surgical procedures used for reduction of mandibular angle fractures. Experimental study. The study was conducted in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from February 2012 to February 2013. Thirty patients with mandibular fractures were divided in to two categories. Fifteen patients were treated by intra oral approach [Group A] and Fifteen by extra oral approach [Group B]. At different intervals of their post operative visits, these patients were evaluated for post operative complications of infection, nerve damage, keloid scar, facial cosmetic dissatisfaction, malocclusion and limitation in mouth opening. 23 male patients and 07 female patients were affected with mandibular fracture. Most common etiology was RTA in 66.6% case. Most common complication with intraoral approach was postoperative infection while facial dissatisfaction was most commonly noticed with extraoral approach. The intra oral approach with rigid fixation is our effective and superior technique as compare to the extra oral approach

Mandibular fracture fixation with miniplate and MMF for up to two weeks. a prospective study

This study was conducted to evaluate the complication rate of treatment of mandible fracture using 2.0-mm miniplate and MMF for up to two weeks. Descriptive study. This study was conducted at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Hyderabad Sindh from May 2004 to April 2006. Fifty patients with single mandibular fracture were evaluated in this study at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Hyderabad Sindh. Single miniplate was applied according to champy's principle of osteosynthesis and secured with four mono cortical screws and Maxillomandibular fixation was applied for up to two weeks. Follow up was done for at least eight weeks after surgery. The incidence of infection, malocclusion, delayed union, non union, nerve damage and TMJ dysfunction were evaluated. Bone union was achieved in all patients. No evidence of malocclusion, delayed union, nonunion, nerve damage and TMJ dysfunction observed. Two cases [4%] developed post operative infection and was healed with in 7 to 10 days after administration of antibiotics and local wound care. Single miniplate along with Maxillomandibular fixation for up to two weeks has proven to be the most effective treatment modality for mandible fracture

Histological types and common sites of oral cancer in patients presenting at liaquat university hospital Jamshoro/Hyderabad Sindh

To determine the frequency of histological types and comman sites of oral cancer in patients presenting at Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro/Hyderabad Sindh. Descriptive Study. This study was conducted on patients presenting at Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Liaquat university hospital Jamshoro/ Hyderabad Sindh over a period of one year from January 2010 to December 2010. Patients of all age group and gender with biopsy proven oral cancer along with its Histopathological types were included in the study. Patients reported irradiated,metastatic,benign and inflammatory lesions were excluded from the study. Total number of patients was 100. There were 53 Males and 47 Females. Age range was 3 years to 85 years. means age was 44.2 years. Most comman site was cheeck mucosa. Histopathological analysis showed 75% patients having well diffrentiated squamous cell carcinoma, 13% patients having moderately diffrenciated squamous cell carcinoma, 2% patients having poorly diffrenciated anaplastic carcinoma, 7% patients having basel cell carcinoma.1% Patients having Melanoma, 1% patients having Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma and 1% patients having Rhabdomyosarcoma. This study gives a detailed account of the histopathological types of oral cancer along with their frequency and site. oral cancer occurred at a younger age with male prepondrance

Needle stick injuries among dental students, house officers and paradental staff working at Liaquat Medical University Hospital, Hyderabad

The objectives of the study were to find out the risks of needle stick injury and to identify who sustained such injuries and under what circumstances and what actions were taken to minimize the risks of needle stick injuries among dental students, house officers and para dental staff working at Liaquat Medical University Hospital. It was carried out from Aug 2011 to Sept 2012. Information was obtained through Questionare. Study design was descriptive. 513 students, house officers andparaden-tal staff participated in this study. House officers 23[4%] were male and 57 [11%] were female. Male students were 102 [20%] and female were 223[44%]. Among Paradental staff male were 92[18%] and female 16 [3%], and they suffered 79[10%] injuries. Self inflicted injuries were 455 [58%] and through other persons 315 [41%]. Department-wise injuries were Operativel 140 [18%], Prosthodontic 25[3%]. Orthodontic 28 [3%]. periodontology. 27[3%], Oral Maxillofacial Surgery 97[12%]. Through block anesthesia 428 [55%] and through infiltration needle 345 [44%]. Students were at high risk

Wisdom tooth removal: are we following any guidelines in Pakistan

The surgical removal of third molar/ wisdom teeth remains the frequently performed surgical procedure at most Oral and Maxillofacial units. The objective of the study was to assess the level of understanding among general dental practitioners regarding third molar/wisdom tooth, its indication for removal and complication. Cross-Sectional study. This study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery LUM and HS, Jamshoro from February to April 2013. A self administered questionnaire comprising of 12 questions was distributed among the 50 general dental practitioners of Hyderabad city. The results of the study shows that level of understanding among general dental practitioners regarding wisdom tooth and its complication was not up to the level expected and majority thinks a guideline is necessary to remove the wisdom tooth. Our outcome and emphasis would be that PMDC should introduce a guideline and those dentist involved in surgical dentistry should be asked to attend short courses to improve their level of understanding regarding wisdom teeth removal and how to avoid its complications

Prevalence of bacteria and their sensitivity to various antibiotics in chronic suppurative otitis media

The purpose of this study was to find out the most common strains of bacteria encountered in chronic suppurative otitis media and their sensitivity to various antibiotics. Retrospective, analytic study. This study was conducted on out patients presenting to ENT department at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, Sindh-Pakistan from January 2011 to June 2011. This study was conducted jointly at ENT Unit II in collaboration with Oral and Maxillofacial surgery Department LUMHS with the help of microbiology laboratory of Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. The study was conducted for the period of 6 month A total of hundred samples of ear discharges were collected and analyzed for bacterial growth; and sensitivity towards various antibiotics were determined by using standard microbiological techniques using disc diffusion method. Among hundred patients, 59% were male and 41% females. Age of patients varied from 2 to 60 years. There were different species of bacteria isolated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa [46%] was the most frequent organism followed by staph aureus [27%] and proteus [27%]. The prevalence of gram negative bacterium was greater than gram positive. Among the antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin were found to be the most effective against these organisms. Early and precise diagnosis of infective disease of ear is decisive in order to administer the correct antibiotic therapy and avoid complications

Dry socket following extraction of permanent teeth. a study

To find out frequency and clinical presentation of dry Socket following extraction of permanent teeth among patients at Liaquat University hospital Hyderabad. Retrospective Study. This study was carried out at department of oral and maxillofacial surgery Liaquat university hospital Hyderabad from May 2012 to May 2013. Patients of both genders and all ages were included in the study. They were observed for the presence of dry socket. Patients with previous history of two or more days of extraction, pain, sensitivity on gentle probing of the extraction socket and empty / partially empty socket / halitosis were included in the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS version-17. A total of 1540 patients who underwent extraction of permanent teeth for various reasons were studied. There were 960 male patients and 580 female patients. Dry socket was found in 110 patients. 64 were male patients and 46 were female patients. Majority of patients were in 3[rd] decade of life. Mandibular first molar was affected in 42 patients followed by Mandibular 3[rd] molar in 29 patients. Pain and sensitivity on gentle probing was found in all patients, complete empty socket in 49 patients, partially empty socket in 61 patients and halitosis in 16 patients. Treatment of dry socket are inadequate and aimed at to soothing. Dry socket site should be irrigated with hot saline packing with a BIPP. Zinc oxide-eugenol paste can be relieving pain

Pattern, etiology and risk factors for tooth extraction in adult population of Larkana city

The purpose of this study was to determine pattern, causes and risk factors of dental extractions. Six hundred patients were included in this study. Retrospective study. This study was conducted at Bibi Aseefa Dental College Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana from January 2012 to January 2013. A detailed clinical and radiological examination was carried out to determine the reasons of tooth extraction which were classified into a] caries, b] periodontal disease, c] orthodontic, d] prosthodontic, e] trauma, f] others such as endodontic procedure failure and fracture root. The data were processed and analyzed statistically to determine association of risk factors for tooth extraction by using Statistical Package for Social sciences [SPSS version 17]. Among 600 patients 412 were male, 188 were female. Tooth types were assessed which revealed, molars [Both upper and lower] 73%, Premolars 21% and Anteriors 6%. Causes of tooth extraction were analyzed which shows, Caries 57%,Periodontitis 27.8%, Endodontic treatment failure 6.8% and traumatic tooth failure 3.3%.While analyzing the association of cause of tooth extraction and socio-economic group, it is evident by statistically significant value of p=0.0035 that lower socio-economic has higher incidence of tooth extraction. This study shows that carries and periodontal disease are the principal causes for tooth extraction in the population of Larkana, Sindh. The majority of patients had incomplete secondary education or lower and had even more teeth extracted than patients having higher levels of education

Management of mandibular fracture in paediatric patients at L.U.H Hyderabad

The study was conducted to analyze the different treatment options practiced in pediatric mandibular fracture patients at L.U.H Hyderabad. Maxillofacial fractures are infrequent in the pediatric population, and their treatment is unique due to the psychological, physiological, developmental and anatomical characteristics of children. Besides this it is difficult to examine child both clinically and radiographically. Retrospective Study This study was carried out in Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery L.U.H Hyderabad for a period of two years i.e. from June 2010 to June 2012. Gender distribution Total 180 patients, 118 patients [65.6%] were males and 62 patients [34.4%] were females. Most common site involved was parasymphysis, involved in 85 [47%], in other sites angle in 43 [23%], condyle 25 [13%]cases, symphysis 15 [8%], body 10 [5%] and ramus in 2[1%]. Most of the patients were treated with IMF with arch bar i.e 75 [41%]. Clearer understanding of paediatric pattern of mandibular fractures will help out health care providers as they plan and manage the treatment of mandible fractures in children. The most common site involved in these patients is mandibular parasymphysis. Clearer understanding of pediatric pattern of mandible fractures will help out oral maxillofacial surgeon as they plan and manage the treatment of mandible fractures in children

Reasons of tooth extraction at L.U.M.H.S civil hospital Hyderabad Sindh

Most oral diseases lead to loss of tooth. Periodontal diseases and the tooth decay are the commonest causes of tooth extraction. Tooth loss restricted the social life and because of decreased masticatory functions it may exaggerate the chances of systemic problems so over all general health is also affected. His study designed to know reasons of tooth extraction in L.U.M.H.S civil hospital Hyderabad SINDH. Cross Sectional/ Descriptive Study. This study was conducted at O.P.D of oral surgery department L.U.M.H.S Civil Hospital Hyderabad. Duration of research was 6 months from April 2012 to September 2012. Data collected from hospital records included, gender of patient . Clinical and radiological features and patients chief complains about the tooth to be extracted was noted with the help of these. We determine and note the reasons of extraction. We also graded the patients of extraction according to their socio-economical status i.e. poor, middle and good. Both genders and all ages 10 to 70 year of patient those undergoes extraction were included in this study while patient not indicated for extraction were excluded from this studies. 569 patient, 333 were female patients and 236 were male patients. The female and male percentage is 58.5% and 41.5%. Caries tooth with peri-apical periodontitis 35.22%. Periodontitis was the second leading reason of tooth extraction as 28.5%. More reasons of tooth extraction was Socio-economical status 20.6%, endodontic failure 8.33%, trauma/fracture 3.15%, orthodontic 2.45% and others. Socio-economical status as Poor 49%, Middle 30% and Good 21%. Awarness of oral hygiene in society through electronic media and print media proper community based education to all over Pakistan begin to minimize teeth loss in our society

Comparison of analgesic effects of oral carbamezapine with pregablin in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia

Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, a form of neuropathic pain, caused by not well defined etiology, is a formidable therapeutic challenge to clinicians because it does not respond well to traditional drug therapies. Anticonvulsant drugs are regarded as useful treatment for neuropathic pain. Carbamazepine, the first anticonvulsant studied in clinical trials, probably alleviates pain by decreasing conductance in Na[+] channels and inhibiting ectopic discharges. Pregabalin has the most clearly demonstrated analgesic effect for the treatment of neuropathic pain. The role of anticonvulsant drugs in the treatment of Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia is evolving and has been clearly demonstrated with Pregabalin and carbamazepine. The aim of this study was to investigate comparison of analgesic effects of oral carbamezapine with pregablin in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Interventional study. Oral and Maxillofacial surgery department, LUMHS. Jan 2012 to DEC 2012 . 30 patients with well defined history and diagnostic clinical symptoms of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia were selected, divided into two groups of 15 individuals with similar gender and age difference. Clinical trial were conducted with group 1 with carbamazepine and group 2 with Pregabalin for 4 weeks. Subjective pain level of both groups was recorded before intervention [pre treatment recording] and after intervention [1[st], 2[nd], 3[rd] and 4[th]] on weekly basis by using 0-10 visual analogue scale [zero represent no pain 10 represent pain that could not be worse]. Following intervention, both groups were evaluated for pain score in 1[st] and 2[nd] week, there was no significant difference observed between the two groups. [P value 0.44 and 0.456], but after 3[rd] and 4[th] weeks it was observed that, there is significant difference, [p value 0.000 and 0.009] on visual analogue scale. It was observed that there was a significant difference between pretreatment and fourth week mean pain score in group 2, [8.9 and 1.07]. Similarly marginally significant difference with [r = .640] was seen in 1[st] week of group 2 receiving Pregablin, the mean value was [2.53, 1.60] respectively. Based on these results that are in line with the recommendations made by other studies, the 1[st] line medical therapy is Carbamazepine but this should be changed to other drug therapy if there is no pain relief or adverse effect

Level of awareness and knowledge among general dental surgeon regarding oral cancer

The study was conducted to assess the level of awareness and knowledge Among general dental surgeon regarding oral cancer. Cross sectional study. This study was conducted among general dental practitioners of Hyderabad city from January to February 2013. A self administered questionnaire comprising of 12 questions was distributed among the 50 general dental practitioners of Hyderabad city. The level of knowledge and awareness among general dental practitioners regarding oral cancer and its sign and symptoms was not up to the level expected. Our study Clearly shows that continuous medical education is needed at general practitioner level so early diagnosis and better prognosis of oral cancer could be made possible

Pattern of mandibular fractures reported at Liaquat university hospital Hyderabad

The study was conducted to analyze the frequency, gender distribution, age groups, mechanism of accident and site involvement of mandibular fractures reported at liaquat university hospital Hyderabad. Retrospective study. The study was conducted in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from March 2012 to March 2013. A data of 228 of patients who had been diagnosed with a mandibular fracture between March 2012 and March 2013 at the Liaquat University Hospital of Hyderabad, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department was retrospectively reviewed. Patients data including gender, age, mechanism of accident, fracture sites were analysed. 166 [72%] male patients and 62 [27%] female patients were reported with mandibular fracture. Most common age group was between 30-40 years. Most common mechanism of accident was RTA in 153 [67%]cases followed by fall from height 42 [18%] cases. Most common site involved was Parasymphysis in 112 [49%] cases followed by angle in 51 [22%] cases. The result of this study shows that road traffic accident is most common cause of mandibular fractures in this region